نشریه زراعت دیم ایران
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

An agroecological zones (AEZ) map is an essential tool for agricultural planning. By integrating the key components of the agricultural environments, it offers a birds-eye view of internal diversity, agricultural potential and constraints that decision-makers find easier to understand than a pile of single-theme maps. In this study, AEZ map of the Karkheh River basin has been prepared using the climate data covering the period 1973-1998, land use, land cover, and landforms/soils implemented in GIS. A total of 46 unique units have been differentiated, of which only five units including, 1- semi arid-cool winter-warm to very warm summer- rainfed cultivation- non limiting soils by 18.26% area, 2- semi arid-cool winter-warm to very warm summer- forest- rock outcrops or very shallow soils by 17.04% area, 3- semi arid-cold winter-very warm summer- rainfed cultivation- non limiting soils by 10.26% area, 4- semi arid-cold winter-warm summer-range- rock outcrops or very shallow soils by 9.20% area, 5-semi arid-cool winter-warm to very warm summer- irrigated cultivation- non limiting soils and terrain by 4.86% area, occupy nearly 60% of Karkheh river basin

In order to evaluate quantity and quality hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) yield in the pure and mixed cropping with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (Triticosecale) the experiment was conducted at agricultural research station (Khodabande) under dryland conditions during 2006 -2008. Field experiments were arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with 9 treatments in four replications. Hairy vetch, triticale and barely monocultures as well as mixtures of hairy vetch, with each of the cereals in three seeding ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) were used as experimental treatments. The combined analysis relieved that the main effects of year, treatments and interaction between treatments × year on green forage yield, dry matter yield, nitrogen accumulation and crude protein yield were significant (P< 0.01). Between the two pure stands of cereals the highest green forage yield (5.49 t/ha), dry matter yield (2.36 t/ha) and crude protein yield (178.7 kg/ha) was obtained from barley but there were no significant differences between barley and triticale. By increasing barley and triticale rations in mixtures, the forage quantity and quality were increased. The results of this study indicated that among mix cropping treatments, the mixture ratio of 25% hairy vetch + 75% barley, with having 2.48 t/ha dry matter yield, 202.3 kg/hacrude protein yield and 1.51 land equivalent ratio was suitable ratio for planting in dry land condition.

Evaluating of agronomic traits and their relationships with grain yield are important in plant breeding. In order to evaluate agronomic traits and their effects on grain yield، 76 durum wheat landraces as well as 4 local checks were studied in augmented design with 4 blocks under rainfed condition in Maragheh and Ardabil locations. The result showed that there is remarkable diversity among landraces for the traits of fertile tillers (FT)، spike length، spiklet per spike، grain per spike (Gr)، plant height (PLH)، and grain yield. In Maragheh and Ardabil، 7 and 2 landraces had higher yield values than local check (Gerdish)، respectively. The result of simple correlation coefficient in Ardabil showed that yield was positively coreelated with PLH (r=0. 31**) and thousand kernel weight (TKW; r=0. 23*). In Maragheh، TKW had positive correlation (r=0. 58 **) with yield. In contrast، yield negatively associated with days to heading (DH)، days to maturity (DM)، Gr and FT. According to stepwise regression، the TKW and DM significantly affected the yield. Based on path coefficient analysis، the TKW positively increased the yield، whereas the DM negatively affected the yield. Cluster analysis divided the landraces into 4 and 3 clusters in Maragheh and Ardabil، respectively. Cluster analysis showed that landraces with lower FT، Gr، DH، DM as well as with higher TKW and PLH had higher yield. Despite of being differences between the locations regarding the effect of traits on the yield، it can be concluded that selection based on TKW could be most effective in rainfed conditions because of its positive correlation with yield under both conditions. Moreover، selection based on early maturity could improve yield in drylands.

The mixing ratio of barley and smooth vetch cv. Maragheh was studied in dryland agricultural research institute station during 2010-2011 growing season. The studied treatments comprised of 100% vetch، 75% vetch+ 25% barley، 50% vetch+ 50% barley and 100% barley. There was different seed densities of vetch including 100، 150، 200، 250، 300 seeds/m2 (D1، D2، D3، D4، D5). The highest dry matter was obtained from pure barley. The combination of 50% vetch+ 50% barley in the D2 density produced 17. 36 ton/ha fresh forage and 1 ton/ha protein. The highest land equivalent ratio (1. 4) was belonged to 75% vetch+ 25% barley in D5 seed density. It was concluded that، 50% vetch + 50% barley in D5 vetch density was the best mixing ratio and seed density regarding both forage quality and quantity in this research.

In order to study of drought tolerance in advanced grain sorghum lines، an experiment was conducted in a split-plot on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of seed and plant Improvement Institute، Karaj، Iran during 2009-2010. Irrigation regimes were assigned to main plots at three levels including normal irrigation (I1=60mm)، moderate stress (I2=120mm) and sever stress (I3=180mm). Seven lines including KGS15، KGS19، KGS23، KGS25، KGS27، KGS32 & KGS36 were considered as sub-plots. Results on stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) showed that lines KGS15 and KGS19 were more tolerant than other lines. Stress tolerance index (STI)، mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) showed that line KGS32 with grain yield 11240 Kg/ha under non–stress condition and 6368 Kg/ha under stress condition along with line KGS36 determinated as genotypes with highest yield under both optimum irrigation and drought conditions. Presense of high and positive correlation between STI، MP and GMP grain yield indicated that all of these indices could be used for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. It is concluded that lines KGS32 and KGS36 are suitable genotypes for cultivation under drought stress conditions.

In order to study the effects of nitrogen and complementary irrigation on yield and its components of rainfed barley Sahand cultivar، an experiment was conducted on split plot based on randomized completely block design with four replication in Baft area at 2009-2010. Factors were: four levels of nitrogen (0، 20، 40 and 60 kg/ha as pure nitrogen) from Urea source as factor B and four levels of complementary irrigation as factor A (I1: without irrigation، I2: irrigation at sawing date، I3: irrigation at anthesis and I4: irrigation at grain filling stage). The results showed that complementary irrigation has significant effect on grain yield، number of spike per m2، number of seed in spike، 1000 kernel weight، plant height and biological biomass. The maximum and minimum amount of grain yield was related to I2 (1810 Kg/ha) and I1 (1004 Kg/ha) respectively. Complementary irrigation had no significant effect on spike length، number of tillage and number of plant leaf. Nitrogen application on dry land conditions had high significant effect on grain yield and biological biomass. Nitrogen×irrigation interaction effect was not significant.

In order to study of genetic variation in cultivars and landraces of chickpea، a trial consisted of 96 accessions of chickpea received from Iranian gene bank (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) along with five checks (Araman، Bivanij، Jam، Hashem and ILC-482) was conducted based on an augmented design in 2005-06 cropping season at research farm of agricultural college، Razi University، Kermanshah، Iran. For evaluating of accessions، the morphological، physiological and phonological traits during plant growth were measured. The results of ANOVA and mean comparisons showed that there were significant differences among accessions for the studied traits. The results of cluster and discriminant function analyses based on grain yield showed that the chickpea genotypes can be classified in four groups، where the first to fourth groups consisted of 72، 27، 1 and 1 genotypes، respectively. The results of principalcomponent analysis and biplot analysis showed that there were genetic variation among chickpea genotypes for the studied traits. According to biplot analysis، 24 genotypes with high yield and earliness were separated from 13 genotypes with high yield and late maturity. Twenty one genotypes were fall in the group with low yield and late maturity and 24 genotypes with low yield and earliness.